Sebastian Junger’s Meditation on Tribes

Why is it that American combat veterans experience the highest rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the world, while soldiers from other countries have far lower levels?  Amazingly, warriors of the past, such as Native Americans, rarely experienced PTSD-like symptoms.

In his new book Tribe, Sebastian Junger argues that much of the difference lies not in the individuals, but in the societies to which they return. During a war, American soldiers become deeply immersed in a life of mutual support and emotional connection.  Then they return home to a hyper-individualistic, fragmented, superficial consumer society.  The shift is just too troubling for many.  Life is suddenly bereft of collective meaning. There is no tribe.

It turns out that PTSD is not just about coping with memories of death and destruction; it is an abrupt loss of tribal ties and a resulting crisis of meaning. “When combat vets say that they miss the war,” writes Junger, “they might be having an entirely healthy response.”

“As awkward as it is to say, part of the trauma of war seems to be giving it up,” Junger insists. The intense, shared purpose in life-and-death circumstances is intoxicating and fulfilling. As one soldier told oral historian Studs Terkel, “For the first time in [our] lives….we were in a tribal sort of situation where we could help each other without fear.”

This theme was moving explored by Rebecca Solnit in her beautiful book, A Paradise Built in Hell, which describes how people show amazing empathy and help for each other in the face of earthquakes, hurricanes and wars. Londoners who lived through the Blitz during World War II don’t really yearn for the danger or death of that time.  They do yearn for the profound unity and cooperation that the Blitz inspired.   

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Civics Lessons Within Physical Education

As you know, the Florida Joint Center for Citizenship is working with Polk County to launch the new public K-8 Citrus Ridge Civics Academy. One of the goals of our work at Citrus Ridge is to ensure that all stakeholders understand civics as a part of life. Civic knowledge, skills, and dispositions are embedded within every course, every facet of the school, and every element of school community life. This include physical education.

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Coach Emily Retzlaff is making it happen in PE. Our Peggy Renihan had the chance to see her in action as she integrated civic learning into physical education.

In Physical Education, as a way to incorporate Civics instruction, we play a game called The Elections.  There needs to be a boundary area marked by 4 cones that make a square.  You will also need 4 pool noodle sticks. The area is big enough so the students can run safely.  Each cone is numbered from 1-4.  There are Voters; who run around and try to dodge the Candidates.  The Candidates, who have noodle sticks try and tag the Voters when their numbers are called.  When the Candidates tag the Voters, they take their vote.  When the Voters number is called they will run across the field to the other side and stay as long as the Candidates did not touch them with the noodle stick and take their vote.  The Voters change their number even if they are at a differently numbered cone.  Number 1 Voters will run to number 3 cone.  Number 3 Voters will run to number 1 cone.  Number 2 Voters will run to number 4 cones.  Number 4 Voters will run to number 2 cones.  Once the Voter has their vote taken they will find the coach and stand outside the playing area.  The Candidate with the most votes wins.

We also talked about privilege and right.  In my Physical Education Class it is a privilege to have free time or choice time.  Free time or choice time is where students get to choose what they would like to play, i.e. basketball, soccer, jump ropes, hula hoops, etc. on that day.  We talked about when they turn 18 they have a right to vote.  Free time or choice time is not a right like voting.  We used the example of driving as a privilege when the students turn 16.

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This is a creative way to get kids thinking about choices, responsibility, and yes, even elections! We are grateful to Coach Retzlaff for embracing the mission of Citrus Ridge Civics Academy! If YOU have any ideas or suggestions for integrating civics skills, knowledge and dispositions into the curriculum outside of social studies please leave a comment or email me with your thoughts. We want to make this work!

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Join NCDD’s “Democracy Machine” Confab Call on Thurs.

We wanted to share a friendly reminder that time is running out to register for our next NCDD Confab Call, which takes place this Thursday, August 25th from 1-2 PM Eastern (10am-11am Pacific)! We are excited to be hosting a call with NCDD members John Gastil and Luke Hohmann about their expansive vision of creating a “Democracy Machine” – an integrated online commons comprised of today’s best civic technology and digital deliberation platforms. Be sure to register today to join the conversation!Confab bubble image

On the call, John and Luke will introduce the NCDD network to their project of making this vision a reality. They are gathering together software designers, civic reformers, academics, and public officials to envision and build the “democracy machine” as a digital public square that would draw new people into the civic sphere, encourage more sustained and deliberative engagement, and send ongoing feedback to both government and citizens to improve how the public interfaces with the public sector. NCDD members will have an important role to play, so make sure to register for the call to find out how you can be involved!

Participants in the call are invited to bring ideas and questions about the design and development of the “democracy machine” to share with John and Luke.  We also encourage participants to read about the basic concept in John’s recent post on the Challenges to Democracy blog or read his full essay, “Building a Democracy Machine: Toward an Integrated and Empowered Form of Democracy,” by clicking here.

Don’t forget! John will also be hosting an interactive session on building the “democracy machine” during the NCDD 2016 conference, so be sure to register for the conference today so that you can continue the conversation in person!

National Multi-Level Stakeholder Consultation (Trans Action Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

Author: 
Problem: Despite the Pakistani Supreme Court’s 2009 granting third-gender certification on their national ID and the ability to vote to Khwaja Siras, individuals who self-identify as third-gendered, the community continues to face an excruciating level of discrimination, gendered violence and arbitrary state violence. Some note that the term Khwaja Sira...

The Citizen’s Archive of Pakistan (Oral History Project)

Author: 
Problem: There are few unbiased, non-tampered records of archival data (photos, oral accounts, correspondence etc.) of the Pakistan’s partition from India in 1947. Most state narratives come with an anti-Indian nationalist rhetoric that erases the stories of many including religious and ethnic minorities from the nation-building moment. Such state-centric, and...

The Citizen’s Archive of Pakistan (Oral History Project)

Author: 
Problem: There are few unbiased, non-tampered records of archival data (photos, oral accounts, correspondence etc.) of the Pakistan’s partition from India in 1947. Most state narratives come with an anti-Indian nationalist rhetoric that erases the stories of many including religious and ethnic minorities from the nation-building moment. Such state-centric, and...

Conceptions of Self

I’ve been writing a lot recently about two potentially conflicting views.

On the one hand are scholars like John Dewey and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, who see the self as something largely or entirely created by others. As Merleau-Ponty writes, “I am a psychological and historical structure.

On the other hand is the modern yearning for “authentic” selves – for me incapsulated by scholars such Kenji Yoshino, who sees the suppression of the authentic self as a civil rights issue; such suppression disproportionately affecting minority populations.

These views perhaps seem like they’re in conflict: how can one express their authentic self if their authentic self isn’t their own creation? Furthermore, there are a host of other questions: what if your authentic self is a terrible person, is it still good to be authentic? Surely, your “self” – if such a thing can be said to exist – doesn’t exist in some static state, waiting for you to discover it, so no matter how much agency you put behind the notion of “self” the idea of finding it is seems foolish.

I have more thinking to do on this, to be sure, but I’m not sure these ideas are in as much conflict as they seem from the surface. I can be changing and co-created and still be. Furthermore – and perhaps this comes from Yoshino’s framing of authenticity as a civil rights issue – I can’t shake the feeling that there is something important there. Saying an authentic self doesn’t matter does injustice to the people who have fought so hard to express themselves.

I see ‘self’ as intrinsically linked to agency.

The question of self is deeply important to civil society – after all, what is a society if not some collection of self-like beings seeking to coexist. An ideal society built with the notion that we are each discrete pockets of uniform consciousness would look quite different from one in which ‘self’ is conceived entirely as social construct. There is no self, only interactions. The separation between ‘I’ and ‘you’ is much smaller than we’re currently inclined to think.

So the question matters, yet I haven’t yet stumbled upon my answer.

I love the imagery of interconnected selves, of a ‘self’ that looses substance if separated from the world; but I cannot fully abandon the headstrong, ego-centric notion of self which says: I am a person. I exist.

This thought has perhaps become bastardized by generations of egotistical posturing, but for the oppressed, it is something profoundly radical. And this, perhaps, why I can’t let my notion of the ‘self’ go: when society says you don’t matter, when society says you’re nothing, you’re no one. It is this concept of the self which quietly stares back: I exist.

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New Initiative Experiments with Collective Healing Processes

In the lead up to our NCDD 2016 conference, we continue to lift up stories of people who are Bridging Our Divides. So we wanted to share the piece below written by NCDD member Beth Tener of New Directions Collaborative about a great collective healing initiative she’s involved in that seeks to experiment with processes that will help large groups heal from old wounds that maintain separation. We encourage you to read her piece below or find the original here.


Collective Healing: Shifting Historical Patterns that Divide Us

We live in times of extreme partisanship, increasing divisions between the rich and poor, the working class and upper class, experiences of people of color vs. whites, and disconnects of people from nature. As the US Presidential election and the Brexit vote in the UK illustrate, our current political process tends to amplify divisions and generate more discord rather than greater understanding, stronger connections, and wise solutions balancing multiple needs.

When people are divided and disconnected, it is not surprising that there is a lack of empathy, curiosity, and care for the experiences and well being of people different than us. It can be easy to label people and disdain their views versus seeing them as individuals whose stories and struggles I understand and have talked to them about.

Finding new ways

It is time to find ways we can work together that overcome these patterns of division and separation. This is already happening in many places, perhaps at the edges and not that visible yet, but real nonetheless. Global communities of practice are inventing and evolving these processes (e.g., circle process, participatory processesparticipatory budgeting, networks for system change.) While these experiments may seem at the edges when all the attention is focused on the mainstream political debate, they can hold seeds of a better way.

Over the last two years, I have been part of a rich dialogue with people who are exploring ways to bring people together that can help heal these long-standing harmful patterns. This group includes facilitators and others working with the Art of Hosting from Europe and the US. A gathering called Collective Healing will take place in Florida in August to experiment with bringing together various methods in a prototype, which we will learn and share more widely. We have focused on several key themes of what is needed:

  • Engaging across difference and connecting to “we” not just “me” – Getting beyond our narrow self interest to see ourselves as an inherent part of a larger group, community, society, and earth – and acting from that awareness – is not emphasized or easy to do. How can we facilitate groups in ways that generate a sense of belonging? How can we create group experiences that help us see those who are different not through the lens of a label but as full human beings with many stories, with complex emotions, and unique gifts and aspirations?
  • Reweaving the fragments of community with positive collective experiences – The pressures and pace of work these days means many are chronically rushed, super-busy, addicted, and distracted. Fulfilling human experiences of connection, belonging, friendship, creativity, meaningful work, and the opportunity to work with others on a bigger cause are sorely lacking. Changing these patterns starts with creating spaces for meaningful conversation about things that matter. Conversation is the “connective tissue” that can reconnect the fragmented parts.
  • Trauma: the overlooked pattern affecting everything – Yet, even with these promising ways to gather people and generate ideas of how we can make things better, this is not enough. Any initiative to look forward and make positive change takes place in a community or system that has a long history, which we often overlook. The fragmented relationships, broken bonds of community, and lack of trust did not arise out of nowhere. There is a story there. Events of the past created harms and burdens that are often unacknowledged. These unhealed traumas can still be affecting the situation and the people involved… and blocking the potential to shift to a healthier pattern/outcome. Promising processes are emerging to help communities or societies explore and work with history in ways that can enable healing, for example systemic constellation, restorative justice, and truth and reconciliation commissions.
  • Community and connection: healing together – One of the key ways to heal trauma is the experience of being truly heard and seen. When trauma is pushed under the rug, mental and emotional turmoil arises. Bessel van der Kolk writes “Denial of the consequences of trauma can wreak havoc with the social fabric of society.” What can we do to create a strong fabric of community while coming together and acknowledging the traumas? How can we generate a shared understanding and commitment to change so we do not repeat these harmful patterns?
  • Accessing overlooked human capacities – In much of the work world, there are unwritten rules of being professional and successful: use your intellect and leave your emotions at the door. We can access a broader range of human capacities, such as empathy and compassion, to understand the experiences and motivations of all those within a community and society. We are only beginning to explore how mindfulness and presence can help us understand past and present dynamics and make decisions. And there is more potential to explore weaving in arts, music, movement, and creative expression, which also tend to be left at the door. What could be possible in our collective work if we did not expect people to split off their emotional, intuitive, and creative sides to “be professional?” How might we make decisions if we access the power of “collective presence?”

There is a hunger for this…

In my work with non-profits, communities, businesses, governments, and foundations in social and environmental change, I have seen that: These practices work. There is a hunger for real conversation, for connecting to our larger community to achieve greater results together, and for contributing to making the world a better place.

It starts with an invitation…

We graciously invite you to join us for this first gathering in Florida, focused on how we can create spaces for collective healing: www.collectivehealing.net.

We anticipate this is just the beginning, with intention to host other gatherings in Europe and other parts of the US. At bottom of this page is place to sign onto mailing list for future events: www.collectivehealing.net/about.

And we welcome your financial support for this new initiative, in any amount, through our crowdfunding web site: www.indiegogo.com/projects/creating-collective-healing-spaces.

You can find the original version of this New Directions Collaborative blog post at www.ndcollaborative.com/collective-healing.