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	<title>Civic Studies &#187; history</title>
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	<link>http://civicstudies.org</link>
	<description>An intellectual community of researchers and practitioners dedicated to building the emerging field of civic studies</description>
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		<title>The Yellow Day</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/the-yellow-day/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/the-yellow-day/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 2017 21:18:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2268</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I made the mistake of going outside today, so now all I can think about is how incredibly hot it is. For people who bask in warm weather, I suppose, it is not too miserable &#8211; but, for me, upper 80s at the end of September is more that I would hope for. Mid-60s would [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/the-yellow-day/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Labor and Civics</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2017 13:41:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Citizens & Civil Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2236</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Earlier this week, we celebrated Labor Day in the United States &#8211; a day which only became a national holiday in the wake of the Pullman Strike; a dark ordeal in which 30 American workers were killed by U.S. Federal Troops. Of course, most of the world celebrates the contributions of labor&#160;on May 1 &#8211; [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/06/labor-and-civics/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Labor and Civics</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2017 13:41:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Citizens & Civil Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2236</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Earlier this week, we celebrated Labor Day in the United States &#8211; a day which only became a national holiday in the wake of the Pullman Strike; a dark ordeal in which 30 American workers were killed by U.S. Federal Troops. Of course, most of the world celebrates the contributions of labor&#160;on May 1 &#8211; [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/labor-and-civics/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/06/labor-and-civics/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>In Defense of DACA</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/in-defense-of-daca/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/in-defense-of-daca/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2017 15:35:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Citizens & Civil Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Justice]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2233</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;On June 15, 2012, the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that certain people who came to the United States as children and meet several guidelines may request consideration of deferred action for a period of two years, subject to renewal,&#8221; reads the website for United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. Consideration of deferred action for [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/in-defense-of-daca/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Now We Are All Sons of —</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/now-we-are-all-sons-of/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/now-we-are-all-sons-of/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Aug 2017 20:35:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Physics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2220</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On July 16, 1945,&#160;35 miles southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, the world&#8217;s first nuclear weapon was detonated at&#160;5:29 am. The test was code-named Trinity by&#160;J. Robert Oppenheimer. There is no definitive explanation for why Oppenheimer chose the name, but it is widely believed to be a reference to John Donne&#8217;s&#160;Holy Sonnets: Batter my heart, three-person&#8217;d [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/now-we-are-all-sons-of/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>The Sleep of Reason</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/the-sleep-of-reason/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/the-sleep-of-reason/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2017 18:49:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2214</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I recently ran across Francisco Goya&#8217;s 1799 etching,&#160;El sue&#241;o de la raz&#243;n produce monstruos: &#8220;the sleep of reason produces monsters.&#8221; The piece is housed by the Met, where it is described as follows: This is the best known image from Goya&#8217;s series of 80 aquatint etchings published in 1799 known as &#8216;Los Caprichos&#8217; that are [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/08/the-sleep-of-reason/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Everyone is Talented</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/07/everyone-is-talented/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/07/everyone-is-talented/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Jul 2017 20:14:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Citizens & Civil Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2207</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[L&#225;szl&#243;&#160;Moholy-Nagy, a Hungarian artist who joined the Bauhaus as a professor in 1923, was known for his philosophy that &#8220;everyone is talented.&#8221; By this, he meant that, &#8220;every human being is open to sense impressions, tone, color, touch,spatial experience, etc. The structure of a life is predetermined in these sensibilities. But only art &#8211; creation [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/07/everyone-is-talented/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<title>Isotta Nogarola</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/05/isotta-nogarola/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/05/isotta-nogarola/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 May 2017 20:39:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2170</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Isotta Nogarola was a great one of the great female humanists of the Renaissance. Born to a wealthy family in Verona, Nogarola was trained in the humanist arts &#8211; as was the custom for aristocratic men and women of the day. Women, however, were expected to do little with their training but be personally enriched [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/05/isotta-nogarola/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<title>C@rds in Common: Learning about the Commons Through Play</title>
		<link>http://bollier.org/blog/crds-common-learning-about-commons-through-play</link>
		<comments>http://bollier.org/blog/crds-common-learning-about-commons-through-play#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Apr 2017 14:14:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[David Bollier]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[games]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://civicstudies.org/?guid=0e44a62d9fb37cb2fa2754f0ff40ae81</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
<p>Because the practices of commoning fly in the face of market culture, they are frequently misunderstood.&#160; What is this process of committed collaboration toward shared goals? people may wonder. &#160;How does it work, especially when many industries want to privatize control of the resource or prevent competition via commoning?</p>
<p>Matthieu Rh&#233;aume, a commoner and game designer who lives Montreal, decided that a card game could be a great vehicle for introducing people to the commons.&#160; The result of his efforts is <a href="https://www.thegamecrafter.com/games/c-rds-in-common">&#8220;C@rds in Common:&#160; A Game of Political Collaboration.&#8221;</a>&#160; &#8220;I see playfulness as a sense-making tool,&#8221; Matthieu told me.&#160; &#8220;People can play casually and be surprised by the meta-learning [about the commons] that results.&#8221;<img alt="" src="http://bollier.org/sites/default/files/u6/Screen%20Shot%202017-04-17%20at%204.07.02%20PM.png" width="291" height="183"></p>
<p>It all began at the World Social Forum (WSF) conference in Montreal in August 2016. Rh&#233;aume decided to use the opportunity to synthesize viewpoints about the commons from a group of 50 participants and use the results to develop the card game.&#160; He persuaded the Charles L&#233;opold Mayer Foundation and Gazibo, both based in France, to support development of the game. Fifty commoners more or less co-created the game with the help of several colleagues.&#160; (The process is described <a href="http://www.metacollabmontreal.com/cards-in-common">here</a>.)</p>
<p>As a game designer, Rh&#233;aume realized that successful, fun games must embody a certain &#8220;procedural rhetoric&#8221; and reward storytelling. He had enjoyed playing &#8220;Magic: The Gathering,&#8221; a popular multiplayer card game, and wondered what that game would feel like if it were collaborative.</p>
<p>At the WSF, Rh&#233;aume asked participants to share their own insights about the commons by submitting suggested cards in six categories. The first four categories consist of &#8220;commoners cards&#8221; featuring&#160; &#8220;resources,&#8221; &#8220;action cards,&#8221; &#8220;project cards&#8221; and &#8220;attitude cards.&#8221;&#160; Two other types of cards -- &#8220;Oppressive Forces&#8221; cards with black backs &#8211; give the game its kick by applying &#160;&#8220;negative effects&#8221; to the &#8220;Political Arena&#8221; of play.&#160; The two negative effects are &#8220;enclosures&#8221; and &#8220;crises,&#8221; to which commoners must collectively organize and respond in time.</p>
<p><a href="http://bollier.org/blog/crds-common-learning-about-commons-through-play" target="_blank">read more</a></p>
 <a href="http://bollier.org/blog/crds-common-learning-about-commons-through-play">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<title>Economics of Matching</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/03/economics-of-matching/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/03/economics-of-matching/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 2017 19:23:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Network Analysis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A canonical problem in graph theory is that of matching &#8211; pairing people (or nodes) based on mutual preference. The classic example of this &#8211; framed, unfortunately, in a cis-heteronormative way &#8211; is known as the marriage problem. Assuming knowledge of the whole population, men have a ranked-order list of appropriate female partners and women [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/03/economics-of-matching/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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