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	<title>Civic Studies &#187; Computer Science</title>
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	<link>http://civicstudies.org</link>
	<description>An intellectual community of researchers and practitioners dedicated to building the emerging field of civic studies</description>
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		<title>Interaction Dynamics and Persuasion Strategies</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/interaction-dynamics-and-persuasion-strategies/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/interaction-dynamics-and-persuasion-strategies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Oct 2017 20:32:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2291</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I recently read&#160;Chenhao Tan et al&#8217;s 2016 WWW paper&#160;Winning Arguments: Interaction Dynamics and Persuasion Strategies in Good-faith Online Discussions, which presents an interesting study of the linguistic features of persuasion. Coming from a deliberative background, the word &#8216;persuasion&#8217; has negative connotations. Indeed, Habermas and others strongly argue that deliberation must be free from persuasion &#8211; [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/interaction-dynamics-and-persuasion-strategies/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Text as Data Conference</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/text-as-data-conference-2/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/text-as-data-conference-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Oct 2017 20:41:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2286</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At the end of last week, I had the pleasure of attending the eighth annual conference on New Directions in Analyzing Text as Data, hosted by Princeton University and organized by&#160;Will Lowe, John Londregan, Marc Ratkovic, and Brandon Stewart. The conference had a truly excellent program, and was packed with great content on a wide [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/text-as-data-conference-2/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Automated Methods for Identifying Civilians Killed by Police</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/automated-methods-for-identifying-civilians-killed-by-police/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/automated-methods-for-identifying-civilians-killed-by-police/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Oct 2017 21:27:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Justice]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2276</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I recently read Keith et al&#8217;s excellent paper,&#160;Identifying civilians killed by police with distantly supervised entity-event extraction, which was presented this year at the conference on Empirical Methods on Natural Language Processing, or, as it&#8217;s more commonly known, EMNLP. The authors present an initial framework for tackling an important real world question: how can you [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/10/automated-methods-for-identifying-civilians-killed-by-police/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/10/04/automated-methods-for-identifying-civilians-killed-by-police/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>A Living Language</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/a-living-language/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/a-living-language/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Sep 2017 20:27:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2270</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Languages which are still being spoken are generally referred to as living languages. The metaphor is apt &#8211; languages are &#8220;living&#8221; not only insofar as its speakers are biologically living, but in that the language itself grows and changes throughout time. In a genuinely meaningful sense of the word, the language is alive. This is [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/a-living-language/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Words and Topics</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/words-and-topics/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/words-and-topics/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Sep 2017 20:53:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2266</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reading articles skeptical of the veracity of topic model outputs has reminded me of this passage from Wittgenstein&#8217;s Philosophical Investigations: Our language can be seen as an ancient city: a maze of little streets and squares, of old and new houses, and of houses with additions from various periods; and this surrounded by a multitude [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/words-and-topics/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/26/words-and-topics/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>Gender and Language</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/gender-and-language/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/gender-and-language/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Sep 2017 17:54:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social norms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2261</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Both gender and language are social constructs, and sociological research indicates a link between the two. In Lakoff&#8217;s classic 1973 paper, Language and woman&#8217;s place, she argues that &#8220;the marginality and powerlessness of women is reflected in both the ways women are expected to speak, and the ways in which women are spoken of.&#8221; This [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/gender-and-language/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/21/gender-and-language/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Robot Humor</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/robot-humor/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/robot-humor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Sep 2017 19:35:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous Musings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2257</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Text processing algorithms are notoriously bad at processing humor. The subtle, contradictory humor of irony and sarcasm can be particularly hard to automatically detect. If, for example, I wrote, &#8220;Sharknado 2 is my favorite movie,&#8221; an algorithm would most likely take that statement at face value. It would find the word &#8220;favorite&#8221; to be highly [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/robot-humor/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/19/robot-humor/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Normalizing the Non-Standard</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/normalizing-the-non-standard/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/normalizing-the-non-standard/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Sep 2017 15:17:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2250</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I recently read Eisenstein&#8217;s excellent, What to do about bad language on the internet, which explores the challenge of using Natural Language Processing on &#8220;bad&#8221; &#8211; e.g., non-standard &#8211; text. I take Eisenstein&#8217;s use of the normative word &#8220;bad&#8221; here somewhat ironically. He argues that researchers dislike non-standard text because it complicates NLP analysis, but [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/normalizing-the-non-standard/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/14/normalizing-the-non-standard/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Social and Algorithmic Bias</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/social-and-algorithmic-bias/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/social-and-algorithmic-bias/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Sep 2017 21:10:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[civic studies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2244</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A commonly lamented problem in machine learning is that algorithms are biased. This bias can come from different sources and be expressed in different ways, sometimes benignly and sometimes dramatically. I don&#8217;t disagree that there is bias in these algorithms, but I&#8217;m inclined to argue that in some senses, this is a feature rather than [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/social-and-algorithmic-bias/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://civicstudies.org/2017/09/12/social-and-algorithmic-bias/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Bag of Words</title>
		<link>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/bag-of-words/</link>
		<comments>http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/bag-of-words/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2017 20:35:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sarah Shugars]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sarahshugars.com/?p=2242</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A common technique in natural language processing involves treating a text as a bag of words. That is, rather than restrict analysis to preserving the order in which words appear, these automated approaches begin by simply examining words and word frequencies. In this sense, the document is reduced from a well-ordered, structured object to a [&#8230;] <a href="http://sarahshugars.com/2017/09/bag-of-words/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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